The San Damiano Cross
The San Damiano Cross is an iconic 12th-century work of art. It was located in a chapel dedicated to Saint Damian in Assisi, Italy. Like many liturgical works, it is unsigned. It played a pivotal role in the life of Saint Francis of Assisi. After remaining in obscurity for centuries, it was eventually moved to the Basilica of Saint Clare in Assisi.
History of the San Damiano Cross
The cross dates from the early 12th century. It is unsigned, but the Byzantine style of the period is evident. In fact, at that time in history, many Syrian monks were present in the Umbrian region, likely because they were fleeing the repression of the iconoclasts in the East. A Christian movement had indeed emerged in the 8th century that opposed the depiction and veneration of images of Christ and the saints.
It was originally housed in the chapel dedicated to Saint Damian, the brother of Saint Cosmas, in Assisi. This chapel was falling into ruin when Saint Francis decided to rebuild it.
The cross was then venerated and safeguarded by the Poor Clares for seven centuries, before being transferred in the mid-20th century to the Basilica of Saint Clare in Assisi.
Its Connection to Saint Francis of Assisi
It was while praying before this cross that the saint one day heard the voice of God asking him to “rebuild His church, which is falling into ruin.” This marked the beginning of his vocation. At first, he took the instruction literally and began rebuilding the Church of San Damiano, followed by several others; before realizing that Christ was actually referring to the Church as an institution, which was in great distress at the time.
Description of the San Damiano Cross
This cross is painted on a walnut panel. It measures 2.10 m high by 1.30 m wide. The background is gilded, and Christ appears immense in the glory of his resurrection. At the top is the hand of God, beneath which John the Baptist is depicted calling the apostles. On either side of Christ are large figures: Mary and John on the left, and on the right, Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and the centurion whose servant was saved by Christ. Smaller figures are also painted on either side of the Lord: soldiers who witnessed the crucifixion. Angels are depicted beneath Christ’s hands. At the foot of the cross stand thepatron saints of Umbria (the region of Assisi), as well as Saint Paul and Saint Peter.
The San Damiano Cross strongly emphasizes Christ’s resurrection, whereas normally the cross serves as a reminder of the Lord’s Passion and death. Moreover, Christ is depicted here very much alive. This cross conveys a message of life and resurrection. And all the figures surrounding Christ have lively, joyful expressions. The heavenly beings herald the resurrection of Jesus.
Prayer to the San Damiano Cross
“Most high and glorious God,
come and enlighten the darkness of my heart;
Grant me true faith,
a steadfast hope,
and perfect charity;
Grant that I may feel and know You, Lord,
So that I may fulfill
Your holy will, which can never lead me astray.
Amen”
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Following in the footsteps of Saints Cosmas and Damian, pray for the healing of our loved ones through this .
In , listen to Saint Francis of Assisi as he guides us through his writings and prayers on the path to God.
